Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC): Ihe dị mkpa maka kemịkalụ na-adịgide adịgide, nke na-adịghị egbu egbu.

Njirimara Physicochemical na Nghọta Molekụla

Uru Nhazi
Nsí dị ala: Site na LD₅₀ (ọnụ, oke) nke 6400 mg/kg, DMC dị nchebe nke ukwuu karịa ihe ndị na-eme ka methylation dị na ya (dịka ọmụmaatụ, dimethyl sulfate, LD₅₀ = 140 mg/kg), na-agbaso iwu EU REACH na ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe ndị na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe.
Mmeghachi omume:
Methylation: Otu methoxy (−OCH3) na-enye ohere ka e nyefe otu methyl n'enweghị nsogbu, na-anọchi ihe ndị ọzọ na-egbu egbu.
Ngụkọta Carbonylation: Otu carbonyl (−CO−) na-eme ka mgbanwe ester na aminolysis dị mfe, na-akwado mmepụta polycarbonates na-enweghị phosgene.
Mgbaze: Site na dielectric constant nke 3.1, DMC na-agwakọta nke ọma na alcohols, ketone, na esters, ebe ọ na-agbaze akụkụ ya na mmiri (1.6 g/100 mL na 20°C).

Isi Ihe Data Ahụ
Ebe ọkụ DMC nke 90.5°C na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka mmeghachi omume okpomọkụ dị n'etiti na mgbake ihe mgbaze, na-achọ ike dị ala karịa usoro ndị dabere na benzene 30%. Obere viscosity ya (0.664 mPa・s) na-eme ka ike mmiri na-aga n'ihu na ngwa dịka lithium battery electrolytes, ebe enthalpy vaporization nke 363 kJ/kg na-eme ka ọnụego nkụ dị mma maka mkpuchi na ihe nrapado. Rịba ama: Oke mgbawa ya (3.1–20.5% vol) chọrọ sistemụ ikuku 防爆 (mgbochi-mgbawa).

Ngwa Ụlọ Ọrụ Dị Iche Iche

Mmepụta Ihe Ọhụrụ nke Akwụkwọ Ndụ Akwụkwọ Ndụ
Mmepụta Polycarbonate (PC):
Usoro Enweghị Phosgene: DMC na-emeghachi omume na bisphenol A (BPA) site na transesterification iji mepụta diphenyl carbonate (DPC), nke a na-emezi ka ọ bụrụ PC. Usoro a na-eme ka arụmọrụ atọm dịkwuo elu ruo 92% (site na 65% maka ụzọ phosgene ọdịnala) ma na-ewepụ ihe ndị na-egbu egbu.
Arụmọrụ Ngwaahịa: Resin PC ndị a na-arụpụta na-enye nnyefe ọkụ ≥90%, okpomọkụ mgbanwe okpomọkụ nke 135°C, yana ike mmetụta dị elu 10% karịa PC sitere na phosgene, nke a na-eji na casings eletrọniki na mkpuchi oriọna isi ụgbọala.
Ọgwụ na Agrochemicals:
Mmeghachi omume Methylation: Na-anọchi dimethyl sulfate n'ịmepụta ọgwụ obi (dịka ọmụmaatụ, nifedipine) na ọgwụ mgbochi mkpali (dịka ọmụmaatụ, sertraline), na-eme ka mmepụta ahụ dịkwuo mma site na 15–20% site na iji methanol dị ka naanị ihe na-esote.
Ngwa Carbonylation: A na-eji ya eme ihe na mmepụta carbaryl (ọgwụ nje) iji zere mmebi HCl, na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa site na 25%.

Ike na Ihe Ndị Dị Ọhụrụ
Electrolytes Batrị Lithium:
A gwakọtara ya na ethylene carbonate (EC) na ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), DMC na-emepụta electrolytes kwesịrị ekwesị yana ionic conductivity ruo 1.2 mS/cm. Nke a na-agbatị ndụ okirikiri batrị ruo ugboro 1,200 (njide ikike ≥85%), na-emezu Iwu Batrị EU (2023/0051) maka obere nsí. A nabatalarị ya na mmepụta batrị 4680 nke Tesla.
Ihe ndị nwere ike imebi emebi:
E jiri propylene oxide mee ka ọ bụrụ polypropylene carbonate (PPC), ihe ndị dị na DMC na-amịkọrọ 40% CO₂ ma na-emebi emebi n'ime ọnwa 6-12, na-edozi ihe mkpofu plastik n'ime ihe eji eme tebụl na ihe nkiri ugbo.

Mkpuchi na ihe mgbakwunye
Ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị mma maka gburugburu ebe obibi: Na-anọchi toluene/xylene na agba OEM nke ụgbọala, na-enweta ọdịnaya VOC ≤50 g/L (nke dị n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ GB 24409-2020). Oge nkụcha na-ebelata ruo awa abụọ, ike nke ihe nkiri ahụ na-eru awa abụọ.
Ihe Mgbakwunye Na-enweghị Formaldehyde: A na-eji ihe eji ejikọta ihe n'ime ngwá ụlọ, ihe mgbakwunye polyurethane nke DMC nwere formaldehyde efu ≤0.01 mg/m³ (ọkwa E0), na-enyere IKEA aka ibelata mmepụta formaldehyde site na tọn 500+ kwa afọ.

Uru Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Ihe Ịma Aka Teknụzụ

Isi ihe ndị dị mkpa gbasara nkwado
Akụnụba Atọm: A na-emegharị ihe ndị sitere na ya dịka methanol site na distillation, na-ebelata ibu COD na mmiri mkpofu site na 70% ma e jiri ya tụnyere usoro ọdịnala.
Mgbapụta Carbon: Mmepụta PC nke na-abụghị phosgene na-ebelata akara ụkwụ carbon site na 45%, ebe tọn ọ bụla nke DMC mepụtara na-eri tọn 0.6 nke CO₂ site na gas flue nke ụlọ ọrụ ike, na-akwado CCU (njikwa na ojiji nke carbon).

Ókèala Mmepụta Ihe Ọhụrụ
Mbelata Ọnụ Ego: Usoro mmepụta CO₂ kpọmkwem (iji methanol, CO₂, na Pd-based catalysts) belata ọnụ ahịa ihe eji emepụta ihe site na 30%, ebe ụlọ ọrụ nnwale Sinopec na-emepụta mmepụta kiloton.
Ngwọta Dị Ọcha nke Uhie: Teknụzụ nkewa nke membrane na-enweta DMC nke eletrọniki na ion ígwè ≤1 ppb na ịdị ọcha ≥99.999%, na-emezu ụkpụrụ SEMI C87 maka nhicha semiconductor.
Nchekwa Ngwa: DMC nke nwere obere ihe mkpuchi (nke e ji SiO₂ nanoshells kpuchie) na-ebuli ebe ọkụ ọkụ ruo 60°C, nke TÜV Rheinland kwadoro maka nchekwa njem.

Nkọwapụta

Mpempe akwụkwọ njikwa mma

Gịnị mere ị ga-eji họrọ DMC anyị?

Ike Isi Anọ
Nkwanye Ọcha:
Usoro anyị na-aga n'ihu na-eji mwepụ atọ na-enye DMC ọkwa ụlọ ọrụ (≥99.5%) na ọkwa eletrọniki (≥99.99%), yana methanol ≤100 ppm. Ikpe: Onye ahịa batrị nke na-eji DMC anyị enwetala arụmọrụ mbụ nke 98.7% nke ịkwụ ụgwọ na mwepụ (nkezi nke ụlọ ọrụ 95%).
Ike Nhazi:
Ngwọta emere maka uru acid (≤0.001 mgKOH/g), mmiri mmiri (≤50 ppm), na peroxides (≤5 ppm). Dịka ọmụmaatụ, anyị mepụtara DMC acid dị ala (0.0005 mgKOH/g) maka mmepụta ọgwụ na-emetụta acid.
Ụdị Akụnụba Gburugburu:
A na-emegharị ihe ndị sitere na methanol ka ọ bụrụ syngas (CO+H₂) maka mmepụta DMC, na-enweta arụmọrụ ihe ruru 95% ma na-ebelata ikuku CO₂ site na tọn atọ kwa tọn nke DMC. A na-ehicha nkwakọ ngwaahịa mkpofu site na iji CO₂ dị oke njọ maka iji 95% mee ihe ọzọ.
Nrubeisi zuru ụwa ọnụ:
Dabara na GB/T 1628-2020, ASTM D7056, na JIS K 1551. Akara GHS ahaziri ahazi na MSDS na-emezu ihe achọrọ na mpaghara (dịka ọmụmaatụ, India BIS, Brazil INMETRO), na-enye ohere ka e nwee ike izipu ndị ọrụ kwastam awa 72.

Kemịstrị Na-adịgide Adịgide Na-emepe emepe

Dimethyl Carbonate na-agbanwe ụlọ ọrụ site na njirimara ya "anaghị egbu egbu, dị irè, na nke a na-emegharị emegharị". Anyị na-ekwe nkwa usoro ọhụrụ na ngwọta dị ala nke carbon, na-enye nkwado site na ihe ndị e ji arụ ọrụ ruo na ngwa. Ịhọrọ DMC anyị pụtara ijikọ aka na nkwado - ebe mmiri ọ bụla na-akwalite mbelata mmetọ, arụmọrụ ike, na ọganihu teknụzụ, ọnụ na-ewulite ọdịnihu kemịkalụ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.