Tetrahydrofuran (THF): Isi ihe dị iche iche nke usoro kemịkalụ dị oke mma
Nnyocha miri emi nke Njirimara Physicochemical
Nhazi Ihe Pụrụ Iche nke Molekụla
Nhazi nke THF nwere mgbanaka ether cyclic nwere atọm oxygen, na-emepụta ihe ndị a dị mkpa:
Mgbaze Polar: Oge dipole nke 2.75 D na-eme ka njikọ hydrogen na polar molecules dị n'ime ya na-agbaze ihe ndị na-abụghị polar site na mmekọrịta dipole e tinyere n'ime ya, na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka sistemụ mmeghachi omume dị iche iche.
Mmeghachi omume mgbanaka: Mgbanaka ether na-emepe mgbanaka e ji acid mee ka ọ dị mfe imeghachi omume dịka alkylation na polymerization. Mmeghachi omume a dị mkpa maka imepụta polymers dịka polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG).
Àgwà Anụ Ahụ
Nkwụsi Ike nke Okpomọkụ: Site na mmiri ọkụ na 66°C ma na-ajụ oyi na -108.5°C, THF ka na-anọgide na-agba mmiri n'ofe oke okpomọkụ sara mbara, dabara adaba maka mmeghachi omume dị ala na usoro mwepụ ngwa ngwa.
Njirimara Njem: Obere viscosity (0.55 mPa·s) na oke nrụgide elu (26.4 mN/m) na-eme ka ikike mmiri ya dịkwuo mma, nke dị oke mkpa maka nhicha na itinye mkpuchi.
Nchekwa: Ọ na-ere ọkụ nke ukwuu (ebe ọkụ -17.2°C) ma na-emepụta ngwakọta mgbawa na ikuku (1.8–12.4% vol), nke chọrọ usoro mgbochi ọkụ siri ike.
Ngwa Ndị Dị Mkpa n'ofe Ụlọ Ọrụ
Mmepụta Polymer na Resin
Njikọ Polyurethane (PU):
Mmepụta PTMEG: THF bụ ihe e ji emepụta polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), akụkụ dị nro dị mkpa na eriri spandex na polyurethanes thermoplastic (TPUs). A na-eji ihe karịrị 90% nke THF zuru ụwa ọnụ na ngalaba a, ebe tọn spandex ọ bụla chọrọ ihe dị ka tọn 0.8 nke THF.
Ihe Mgbakwunye PU: A gwakọtara ya na DMF, THF na-emepụta ihe mpịachi siri ike nke na-akpọ nkụ ngwa ngwa, nke siri ike maka akpụkpọ ụkwụ na ime ụlọ ụgbọala, na-enye ọdịnaya siri ike 35% na 40% nkụ ngwa ngwa karịa sistemụ DMF dị ọcha.
Epoxy na Sịntetik Resins:
Dịka ihe mgbaze na-emekọ ihe ọnụ na usoro epoxy, THF na-eme ka mgbanwe dị n'etiti ihe na-adịghị mma ma na-ebelata viscosity, na-eme ka ojiji mkpuchi ziri ezi na ngwa eletrọniki na ikuku dị elu.
Kemistri Organic na nke Pụrụ Iche
Mmeghachi omume Grignard:
THF na-eme ka ihe ndị dị n'etiti organometallic (dịka ọmụmaatụ, RMgX) sie ike site na njikọta ya na ion magnesium, na-eme ka mmeghachi omume dịkwuo elu site na 15–20% ma e jiri ya tụnyere diethyl ether. Ọmụmaatụ: Na njikọ ibuprofen, usoro Grignard nke THF na-enweta ịdị ọcha ≥99.5% site na ngwaahịa sitere na ≤0.3%.
Electrolytes Batrị Lithium:
THF na-eme ka ike electrolytes nke lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆) (≥10 mS/cm) dịkwuo mma, na-eme ka ndụ okirikiri dịkwuo mma ruo ihe karịrị ugboro 1,000 (njide ikike ≥85%) na batrị ígwè lithium.
Ngalaba Teknụzụ Dị Elu na Ọkachamara
Nhicha Semiconductor: THF na-ewepụ ihe fọdụrụ na-eguzogide foto na mmepụta microelectronics, na-enweta mmetọ ion ígwè ≤10 ppb maka usoro sub-14 nm.
Mkpuchi Ọgwụ: A na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọgwụ nje na steroid ndị na-emegharị ahụ, sistemụ mmiri THF na-emepụta kristal yiri nke ahụ (50–200 μm) nke na-adị ọcha ≥99.9%.
Mwepụta Ngwaahịa Eke: Na-agbaze ihe ndị na-amịkọrọ lipophilic (dịka ọmụmaatụ, CBD, paclitaxel) n'ụzọ nhọrọ, na-eji 25% dị ọcha karịa ihe mgbaze ndị na-abụghị polar, ebe ọ na-ebelata mmebi okpomọkụ site na nhazi obere okpomọkụ.
Nkọwapụta
| Aha Ngwaahịa | Acid Propionic | |||||||||
| Usoro Kemịkalụ | C3H6O2 | |||||||||
| Ibu Molekụla | 74.08 g/mol | |||||||||
| Ọdịdị | Mmiri mmiri na-enweghị agba | |||||||||
| Ebe Mgbaze | -20.8℃ | |||||||||
| Isi Mmiri | 141.1℃ | |||||||||
| Njupụta | 0.993 g/cm³ | |||||||||
| CAS NO | 79 - 09 - 4 | |||||||||
| Koodu HS | 29155000 | |||||||||
| EINECS NO | 201 - 176 - 3 | |||||||||
| Ngwa | A na-etinye ya na plastik, ọgwụ, nri, ihe mgbaze na ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ | |||||||||
Mpempe akwụkwọ njikwa mma
| Aha Ngwaahịa | Acid Propionic | ||||||
| IHE | URU Ọkọlọtọ (%) | Uru Ule (%) | |||||
| Ọdịnaya Propionic Acid, w/%≥ | 99.5 | 99.9 | |||||
| Njupụta (20/20℃) | 0.993-0.997 | 0.996 | |||||
| Esi mmiri ọkụ / ℃ | 138.5-142.5 | 139.4-141.1 | |||||
| Ihe fọdụrụ na uzuoku, w/%≤ | 0.01 | 0.006 | |||||
| Mmiri, w/%≤ | 0.15 | 0.02 | |||||
| Aldehyde,w/%≤ | ≤0.05 | 0.04 | |||||
| mfe oxidization, w/%≤ | ≤0.05 | 0.01 | |||||
| Pb mg/kg≤ | 2.0 | ≤2.0 | |||||
| Dị ka mg/kg≤ | 3.0 | ≤3.0 | |||||
| Mmechi | Soro ụkpụrụ nke GB 1886.210-2016 | ||||||
Ihe Ndị A Na-atụle Banyere Nchekwa na Mgbanwe Ụlọ Ọrụ
Ihe Ize Ndụ Ahụike na Gburugburu Ebe Obibi
Nsí: Iku ume nke nwere oke njupụta (>500 ppm) nwere ike ibute nkụda mmụọ CNS; ikpughe ya ogologo oge nwere ike imetụta ọrụ imeju/akụrụ. Ọ chọrọ nchekwa iku ume (APF≥10) na uwe aka na-eguzogide kemịkal.
Mmetụta Gburugburu Ebe Obibi: A pụrụ ire ere n'ime ala (ọkara ndụ ≤ ụbọchị 5) mana ọ na-egbu egbu nye ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ime mmiri (LC50 azụ = 110 mg/L). Mmiri nsị ga-agarịrị ọgwụgwọ dị elu (COD≤50 mg/L) tupu a wụpụ ya.
Mmeghachi omume iwu na teknụzụ
Ọkwa Ịdị Ọcha:
Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe (≥99%): Maka njikọta izugbe, na-ekwe ka ≤0.5% mmiri/aldehydes.
Elektrọnik (≥99.9%): Aịọn ígwè ≤1 ppb, nke kwekọrọ na SEMI C8 maka ojiji semiconductor.
Ọgwụ (≥99.5%): FDA kwadoro, aldehydes ≤10 ppm maka mmepụta ọgwụ.
Nrubeisi zuru ụwa ọnụ:
EU REACH: Amachibidoro ya na ihe ndị e ji eme nri (mbugharị ≤0.05 mg/kg).
OSHA US: PEL-TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m³), nke chọrọ nlekota ikuku n'ebe ọrụ.
Gịnị mere ị ga-eji họrọ THF anyị?
Ịdị Ọcha Na-enweghị Nkwenye: Usoro dị elu nke mwepụ atọ na-emepụta THF eletrọniki na ịdị ọcha 99.99%, yana mmiri ≤10 ppm na ≤1 ppm aldehydes, na-eme ka o kwe omume na nhazi otu otu (mgbanwe ≤±0.02%).
Ngwọta Omenala: Usoro nhazi ahaziri maka ọdịnaya mmiri (50–1000 ppm), ọkwa peroxide (≤10 ppm), na pH (5.0–7.0), dịka obere peroxide THF maka mmepụta ọgwụ dị nro.
Njem Nleba Anya Na-akwalite Nchekwa: Nchekwa nke nwere ihe mkpuchi nitrogen na sistemụ njem na-egbochi mgbawa na-eme ka njikwa dị mma site na mmepụta ruo na nnyefe.
Ike Iwu: Nrubeisi zuru ụwa ọnụ na ụkpụrụ SEMI, ACS, na FDA, nke MSDS a na-ahazi maka ntinye ahịa na-enweghị nsogbu.
Mmekọrịta maka Ọkacha Mma nke Kemịkalụ
Nguzozi pụrụ iche nke THF nke ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe, mmeghachi omume, na mgbanwe usoro na-etinye ya dị ka isi ihe dị mkpa na kemịkalụ ọgbara ọhụrụ. Nkwa anyị maka ngwaahịa dị ọcha, ihe ọhụrụ teknụzụ, na nrubeisi iwu na-enye ndị ahịa na plastik, eletrọnịkị, na ọgwụ ike ike iji kwalite ọganihu n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị. Họrọ THF anyị iji mepee nkenke, arụmọrụ, na nkwado na ngwa ọ bụla.